Neodymium is a metal with atomic number 60, belonging to the lanthanide series of metals on the periodic table. The name Neodymium is derived from the Greek word ‘neos didymos’, which means new twin. Neodymium is a rare-earth metal that is used with iron and boron to create powerful permanent magnets, which are called NdFeB...Continue Reading

Magnetron sputtering is one of the most popular methods for sputter deposition. Powerful magnets confine plasma electrons close to the target. It entails depositing material from a source to a substrate via sputtering using a high magnetic and electric field. It is generally used to deposit alloys, metals, and other materials on a substrate. It was first...Continue Reading

Semiconductors are critically important in our world. The most significant application is in computerized or radio waves-powered electrical devices. These semiconductors are made of the widely abundant element, silicon. In fact, silicon is at the core of almost all kinds of electronic devices. One of the reasons why they are widely used in semiconductors is...Continue Reading

White meals are an important category of metals used in various industrial applications, just as alloys are. An old use of white metals is their referencing in the antique trade for describing items suspected of containing silver but not hallmarked. As an example, the term “white metal” is used in the British fine art trade...Continue Reading

One of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides is indium tin oxide (ITO) — and for very good reasons. Indium tin oxide is well known for its electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and how easy it is to deposit as a thin film. In most cases, thin films of ITO are deposited on surfaces by...Continue Reading

From time immemorial, gold has remained a very precious substance. From making jewelry to cookware and industrial materials, gold has proven to be very useful and precious to man, particularly because of its high malleability, ductility, and lustrous nature. Gold is one of the most precious metals known to man, and it has a wide...Continue Reading

You must have heard about aluminium or seen aluminium in many different places. This is because aluminium is one of the most useful elements that nature offers. In terms of occurrence, studies show that aluminum comprises about 8% of the earth’s crust, making it the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in...Continue Reading

Optical coatings are widely used to change the reflectivity of the lens surface, from glasses to high-power laser applications. The core technology of femtosecond laser coating is that its coating has the characteristics of low dispersion and high damage threshold. This article talks about three commonly used sputter coating techniques, and introduces the physical principles...Continue Reading

Physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are considered to be the most attractive surface coating technologies and have a wide range of applications in various industries. Let us compare these two methods in detail. Physical Vapor Deposition Chemical Vapor Deposition Definition Physical vapor deposition (PVD) is a series of vacuum deposition methods...Continue Reading