Introduction Sputter deposition, a pivotal technique in thin-film coatings, utilizes physical vapor deposition (PVD) to create material films on various substrates. Among the materials used for sputter targets, tungsten stands out due to its significant properties and applications in various high-tech industries. This article delves into the world of tungsten sputter targets, exploring their characteristics,...Continue Reading

Aluminum (Al) belongs to the main Group 13 (III, or boron group) of the periodic table. The Latin term alumen, which refers to potash alum or aluminum potassium sulfate, KAl(SO4)212H2O, is where the name aluminum originates. Aluminum is a light silvery white metal and the most common non-ferrous metal. Aluminum never appears in nature in the...Continue Reading

Introduction of Bismuth Bismuth, with the chemical symbol Bi, is an important element found naturally in compounds, known as ores. Bismuth is a high-density, silvery metal with a pink tinge. Even though it is a heavy metal, bismuth has very low toxicity. This has to lead to it being a replacement for lead. Bismuth metal is...Continue Reading